README.md

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-# Docker Web Application
-
-## Prerequisites
-- Docker installed on the system.
-
-## Application Description
-This is a simple Flask web application running inside a Docker container. The app accepts user input via a form and displays the submitted data.
-
-## Docker Setup
-
-1. **Preparation**
-    Run the following command to set up the environment:
-    ```bash
-    ./prepare-app.sh
-    ```
-
-2. **Start the Application**
-    Start the application with:
-    ```bash
-    ./start-app.sh
-    ```
-    The app will be available at: [http://localhost:5000](http://localhost:5000)
-
-3. **Stop the Application**
-    To stop the application:
-    ```bash
-    ./stop-app.sh
-    ```
-
-4. **Remove the Application**
-    To remove all Docker containers, networks, and volumes:
-    ```bash
-    ./remove-app.sh
-    ```
-
-## Working Example
-1. Prepare the application:
-    ```bash
-    ./prepare-app.sh
-    ```
-2. Start the app:
-    ```bash
-    ./start-app.sh
-    ```
-3. Visit [http://localhost:5000](http://localhost:5000) in a browser.
-
-4. Stop the app:
-    ```bash
-    ./stop-app.sh
-    ```
-
-5. Remove the app:
-    ```bash
-    ./remove-app.sh
-    ```
-
-## Conclusion
-This application demonstrates Docker containerization of a Flask app with basic form handling.

docker-compose.yml

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-version: '3.8'
-services:
-  flask-app:
-    build: .
-    ports:
-      - "5000:5000"
-    networks:
-      - flask-network
-    restart: unless-stopped
-  # You can add other services here, like a database if required
-
-networks:
-  flask-network:
-    driver: bridge
-
-volumes:
-  flask-data:
-    driver: local

dockerfile

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-# Use an official Python runtime as a parent image
-FROM python:3.8-slim
-
-# Set the working directory inside the container
-WORKDIR /app
-
-# Copy the current directory contents into the container at /app
-COPY . /app
-
-# Install Flask
-RUN pip install --no-cache-dir flask
-
-# Set the environment variable for Flask
-ENV FLASK_APP=testapp.py
-ENV FLASK_RUN_HOST=0.0.0.0
-
-# Expose port 5000 for the Flask app
-EXPOSE 5000
-
-# Run the Flask application
-CMD ["flask", "run", "--host=0.0.0.0", "--port=5000"]

prepare-app.sh

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# Create a Docker network
-echo "Creating Docker network..."
-docker network create flask-network
-
-# Create a named volume for persistent storage (for example, for database)
-echo "Creating Docker volume..."
-docker volume create flask-data
-
-echo "Preparation complete!"

remove-app.sh

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# Remove the Flask app container
-echo "Removing Flask app container..."
-docker rm flask-app
-
-# Remove Docker network
-echo "Removing Docker network..."
-docker network rm flask-network
-
-# Remove Docker volume
-echo "Removing Docker volume..."
-docker volume rm flask-data
-
-echo "App removed successfully!"

start-app.sh

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# Start the Flask app container
-echo "Starting Flask app container..."
-docker run -d --restart unless-stopped --name flask-app --network flask-network -p 5000:5000 flask-app
-
-# Optionally, start any additional services (like a database) here if needed
-
-echo "App is running at http://localhost:5000"

stop-app.sh

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# Stop the Flask app container
-echo "Stopping Flask app container..."
-docker stop flask-app
-
-# Optionally, stop other services like the database here
-
-echo "App stopped successfully!"

testapp.py

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-from flask import Flask, render_template, request
-
-app = Flask(__name__)
-
-@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
-def home():
-    if request.method == 'POST':
-        college_name = request.form['college_name']
-        student_name = request.form['student_name']
-        course_name = request.form['course_name']
-        year_of_study = request.form['year_of_study']
-        
-        return f"College: {college_name}, Student: {student_name}, Course: {course_name}, Year: {year_of_study}"
-    
-    return '''
-        <form method="POST">
-            College Name: <input type="text" name="college_name"><br>
-            Student Name: <input type="text" name="student_name"><br>
-            Course Name: <input type="text" name="course_name"><br>
-            Year of Study: <input type="text" name="year_of_study"><br>
-            <input type="submit" value="Submit">
-        </form>
-    '''
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    app.run(debug=True, host="0.0.0.0", port=5000)  # This allows the app to run inside the container

z1/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+FROM python:3.9-slim
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+COPY app/ .
+
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+CMD ["python", "main.py"]

z1/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Flask + PostgreSQL Kubernetes Deployment
+
+This project deploys a Flask web application with a PostgreSQL backend using Kubernetes.
+
+## 🛠 Structure
+
+- `app/`: Flask source code (`main.py`, `requirements.txt`)
+- `k8s/`: Kubernetes manifests for deployments, services, namespace, etc.
+- `Dockerfile`: Builds the Flask app image
+- `prepare-app.sh`: Builds Docker image and prepares volumes
+- `start-app.sh`: Applies all Kubernetes objects
+- `stop-app.sh`: Deletes all Kubernetes resources
+- `statefulset.yaml`: Defines StatefulSet, PV, and PVC
+
+## 🚀 Steps to Deploy
+
+1. **Prepare the application:**
+   ```bash
+   ./prepare-app.sh
+
+
+hafzal03@LAPTOP-ELUS3HGM:~/mypro/z2$ kubectl get pods -n webapp-namespace
+NAME                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
+flask-app-6b844bf6-cq9t6    1/1     Running   0          8m37s
+postgres-644fc4c86d-l9h4f   1/1     Running   0          14m
+hafzal03@LAPTOP-ELUS3HGM:~/mypro/z2$ minikube service flask-service -n webapp-namespace
+
+minikube service flask-service -n webapp-namespace
+
+kubectl get pods -n webapp-namespace
+
+kubectl rollout restart deployment flask-app -n webapp-namespace

z1/app/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+from flask import Flask, request, jsonify, render_template_string
+import psycopg2
+import os
+
+app = Flask(__name__)
+
+def get_db_connection():
+    return psycopg2.connect(
+        host=os.environ.get("POSTGRES_HOST"),
+        database=os.environ.get("POSTGRES_DB"),
+        user=os.environ.get("POSTGRES_USER"),
+        password=os.environ.get("POSTGRES_PASSWORD"),
+        port=os.environ.get("POSTGRES_PORT", 5432),
+    )
+
+def init_db():
+    conn = get_db_connection()
+    cur = conn.cursor()
+    cur.execute("""
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS students (
+            id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+            name TEXT NOT NULL,
+            room_number TEXT NOT NULL,
+            faculty TEXT NOT NULL
+        );
+    """)
+    conn.commit()
+    cur.close()
+    conn.close()
+
+@app.route("/")
+def index():
+    return "<h1>Welcome!</h1><p>Go to /add to add a student, /students to view all.</p>"
+
+# HTML Form + POST Submission
+@app.route("/add", methods=["GET", "POST"])
+def add_student():
+    if request.method == "POST":
+        name = request.form.get("name")
+        room_number = request.form.get("room_number")
+        faculty = request.form.get("faculty")
+
+        if not name or not room_number or not faculty:
+            return "All fields are required!", 400
+
+        conn = get_db_connection()
+        cur = conn.cursor()
+        cur.execute("INSERT INTO students (name, room_number, faculty) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)", (name, room_number, faculty))
+        conn.commit()
+        cur.close()
+        conn.close()
+        return "<p>Student added successfully!</p><a href='/add'>Add another</a>"
+
+    # HTML form
+    return render_template_string("""
+        <h2>Add Student</h2>
+        <form method="post">
+            Name: <input name="name"><br>
+            Room Number: <input name="room_number"><br>
+            Faculty: <input name="faculty"><br>
+            <input type="submit" value="Add Student">
+        </form>
+    """)
+
+# View all students
+@app.route("/students", methods=["GET"])
+def get_students():
+    conn = get_db_connection()
+    cur = conn.cursor()
+    cur.execute("SELECT id, name, room_number, faculty FROM students")
+    rows = cur.fetchall()
+    cur.close()
+    conn.close()
+
+    return jsonify([
+        {"id": row[0], "name": row[1], "room_number": row[2], "faculty": row[3]} for row in rows
+    ])
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    init_db()
+    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)

z1/app/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Flask==2.0.1
+Werkzeug==2.0.3
+psycopg2-binary==2.9.1
+python-dotenv==0.19.0
+Jinja2==3.0.3

z1/k8s/deployment.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: flask-app
+  namespace: webapp-namespace
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: flask
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: flask
+    spec:
+      containers:
+      - name: flask
+        image: flask-app:latest
+        imagePullPolicy: Never
+        ports:
+        - containerPort: 8000
+        env:
+        - name: POSTGRES_HOST
+          value: postgres
+        - name: POSTGRES_DB
+          value: mydatabase
+        - name: POSTGRES_USER
+          value: myuser
+        - name: POSTGRES_PASSWORD
+          value: mypassword
+        - name: POSTGRES_PORT
+          value: "5432"

z1/k8s/migrate-job.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+apiVersion: batch/v1
+kind: Job
+metadata:
+  name: migrate
+spec:
+  template:
+    spec:
+      containers:
+      - name: migrator
+        image: myapp:latest
+        command: ["python", "manage.py", "migrate"]
+      restartPolicy: Never

z1/k8s/namespace.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Namespace
+metadata:
+  name: webapp-namespace

z1/k8s/postgres-deployment.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
+metadata:
+  name: postgres-pvc
+  namespace: webapp-namespace
+spec:
+  accessModes:
+    - ReadWriteOnce
+  resources:
+    requests:
+      storage: 1Gi
+---
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: postgres
+  namespace: webapp-namespace
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: postgres
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: postgres
+    spec:
+      containers:
+      - name: postgres
+        image: postgres:13
+        env:
+        - name: POSTGRES_DB
+          value: mydatabase
+        - name: POSTGRES_USER
+          value: myuser
+        - name: POSTGRES_PASSWORD
+          value: mypassword
+        ports:
+        - containerPort: 5432
+        volumeMounts:
+        - name: postgres-storage
+          mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql/data
+      volumes:
+      - name: postgres-storage
+        persistentVolumeClaim:
+          claimName: postgres-pvc
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: postgres
+  namespace: webapp-namespace
+spec:
+  selector:
+    app: postgres
+  ports:
+  - port: 5432

z1/k8s/service.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: flask-service
+  namespace: webapp-namespace
+spec:
+  selector:
+    app: flask
+  type: NodePort
+  ports:
+  - port: 8000
+    targetPort: 8000
+    nodePort: 30080  # <-- Changed this

z1/prepare-app.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+echo "Building Docker image for Flask app..."
+docker build -t flask-app:latest .
+
+echo "Creating Minikube image cache (if using Minikube)..."
+eval $(minikube docker-env)
+docker build -t flask-app:latest .
+
+echo "Preparation complete."

z1/start-app.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+echo "Creating Namespace..."
+kubectl apply -f k8s/namespace.yaml
+
+echo "Creating Persistent Volumes and StatefulSet..."
+kubectl apply -f k8s/statefulset.yaml -n webapp-namespace
+
+echo "Deploying PostgreSQL..."
+kubectl apply -f k8s/postgres-deployment.yaml -n webapp-namespace
+
+echo "Deploying Flask App..."
+kubectl apply -f k8s/deployment.yaml -n webapp-namespace
+
+echo "Creating Service..."
+kubectl apply -f k8s/service.yaml -n webapp-namespace
+
+echo "All resources have been applied."

z1/stop-app.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+echo "Deleting Flask App Deployment..."
+kubectl delete -f k8s/deployment.yaml -n webapp-namespace
+
+echo "Deleting Flask Service..."
+kubectl delete -f k8s/service.yaml -n webapp-namespace
+
+echo "Deleting PostgreSQL Deployment and PVC..."
+kubectl delete -f k8s/postgres-deployment.yaml -n webapp-namespace
+
+echo "Deleting StatefulSet and PVs..."
+kubectl delete -f k8s/statefulset.yaml -n webapp-namespace
+
+echo "Deleting Namespace..."
+kubectl delete -f k8s/namespace.yaml
+
+echo "All resources have been deleted."

z2/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+FROM python:3.9-slim
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+COPY app/ .
+
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+
+CMD ["python", "main.py"]

z2/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+# Flask + PostgreSQL Kubernetes WebApp
+
+A lightweight full-stack web application powered by **Flask** and **PostgreSQL**, containerized with **Docker**, and deployed on **Kubernetes (Minikube)** using custom `Namespace`, `Deployment`, `StatefulSet`, and `Services`. Designed to demonstrate a production-like cloud-native architecture.
+
+---
+
+##  Project Structure
+
+```bash
+z2/
+├── app/
+│   ├── main.py                 # Flask application logic
+│   └── requirements.txt        # Python dependencies
+├── k8s/
+│   ├── namespace.yaml          # Custom namespace
+│   ├── deployment.yaml         # Flask app deployment
+│   ├── postgres-deployment.yaml  # PostgreSQL StatefulSet + PVC + Service
+│   ├── migrate-job.yaml        # Migration job (optional)
+│   ├── service.yaml            # Flask NodePort Service
+├── Dockerfile                  # For building Flask app image
+├── prepare-app.sh             # Script: Build & tag Docker image
+├── start-app.sh               # Script: Apply all Kubernetes configs
+├── stop-app.sh                # Script: Delete all resources
+└── README.md                   # Project documentation
+```
+
+---
+
+##  How It Works
+
+1. **Prepare the Environment**  
+   ```bash
+   ./prepare-app.sh
+   ```
+   - Builds and tags Docker image locally
+   - Prepares persistent volume (PVC) for PostgreSQL
+
+2. **Deploy the Application**  
+   ```bash
+   ./start-app.sh
+   ```
+   - Creates namespace, StatefulSet, Deployments, Services
+
+3. **Access the Web App**
+   ```bash
+   minikube service flask-service -n webapp-namespace
+   ```
+   - Opens the app in your browser (NodePort)
+
+4. **Stop and Clean Everything**
+   ```bash
+   ./stop-app.sh
+   ```
+   - Deletes all created Kubernetes resources
+
+---
+
+## Technologies Used
+
+| Tool            | Purpose                      |
+|----------------|------------------------------|
+| Flask           | Web framework (Python)        |
+| PostgreSQL      | Relational database           |
+| Docker          | Containerization              |
+| Kubernetes      | Container orchestration       |
+| Minikube        | Local Kubernetes environment  |
+
+---
+
+##  Health Checks
+
+To ensure resilience and uptime, Kubernetes probes can be added:
+
+```yaml
+livenessProbe:
+  httpGet:
+    path: /health
+    port: 8000
+  initialDelaySeconds: 5
+  periodSeconds: 10
+
+readinessProbe:
+  httpGet:
+    path: /health
+    port: 8000
+  initialDelaySeconds: 5
+  periodSeconds: 10
+```
+
+ Add a `/health` route to your `main.py`:
+```python
+@app.route('/health')
+def health():
+    return "OK", 200
+```
+
+---
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+| Problem                             | Solution                                                                 |
+|-------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| ❌ `ImagePullBackOff` or `ErrImagePull` | Make sure image is built locally with `docker build -t flask-app .` and you're using `imagePullPolicy: Never` |
+| ❌ App not accessible               | Check service type is `NodePort`, port 30080 is exposed, and run `minikube service flask-service -n webapp-namespace` |
+| ❌ Database errors                  | Ensure PostgreSQL pod is running (`kubectl get pods -n webapp-namespace`), check PVC and env vars |
+| ❌ "command not found: kubectl"    | Install `kubectl` and make sure it’s configured with `minikube` context |
+| ❌ Connection refused errors       | Check that `POSTGRES_HOST` matches the service name (`postgres`) and app waits until DB is ready |
+
+---
+
+## Future Enhancements
+
+- Use Helm for templated deployments
+- Add database migrations (Alembic / Flask-Migrate)
+- CI/CD integration with GitLab or GitHub Actions
+- Add Redis or caching layer
+- Auto-scaling and HorizontalPodAutoscaler
+
+
+
+## Author
+
+**Hafzal Ahamed Hasan Mohamed**  
+TUKE, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics  
+Git: [git.kemt.fei.tuke.sk/hh304ug/zkt25](https://git.kemt.fei.tuke.sk/hh304ug/zkt25)
+
+
+hafzal03@LAPTOP-ELUS3HGM:~/mypro/z2$ kubectl get pods -n webapp-namespace
+NAME                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
+flask-app-6b844bf6-cq9t6    1/1     Running   0          8m37s
+postgres-644fc4c86d-l9h4f   1/1     Running   0          14m
+hafzal03@LAPTOP-ELUS3HGM:~/mypro/z2$ minikube service flask-service -n webapp-namespace
+
+minikube service flask-service -n webapp-namespace
+
+kubectl get pods -n webapp-namespace
+
+kubectl rollout restart deployment flask-app -n webapp-namespace

z2/app/main.py

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+from flask import Flask, request, jsonify, render_template_string
+import psycopg2
+import os
+
+app = Flask(__name__)
+
+def get_db_connection():
+    return psycopg2.connect(
+        host=os.environ.get("POSTGRES_HOST"),
+        database=os.environ.get("POSTGRES_DB"),
+        user=os.environ.get("POSTGRES_USER"),
+        password=os.environ.get("POSTGRES_PASSWORD"),
+        port=os.environ.get("POSTGRES_PORT", 5432),
+    )
+
+def init_db():
+    conn = get_db_connection()
+    cur = conn.cursor()
+    cur.execute("""
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS students (
+            id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+            name TEXT NOT NULL,
+            room_number TEXT NOT NULL,
+            faculty TEXT NOT NULL
+        );
+    """)
+    conn.commit()
+    cur.close()
+    conn.close()
+
+@app.route("/")
+def index():
+    return "<h1>Welcome!</h1><p>Go to /add to add a student, /students to view all.</p>"
+
+# HTML Form + POST Submission
+@app.route("/add", methods=["GET", "POST"])
+def add_student():
+    if request.method == "POST":
+        name = request.form.get("name")
+        room_number = request.form.get("room_number")
+        faculty = request.form.get("faculty")
+
+        if not name or not room_number or not faculty:
+            return "All fields are required!", 400
+
+        conn = get_db_connection()
+        cur = conn.cursor()
+        cur.execute("INSERT INTO students (name, room_number, faculty) VALUES (%s, %s, %s)", (name, room_number, faculty))
+        conn.commit()
+        cur.close()
+        conn.close()
+        return "<p>Student added successfully!</p><a href='/add'>Add another</a>"
+
+    # HTML form
+    return render_template_string("""
+        <h2>Add Student</h2>
+        <form method="post">
+            Name: <input name="name"><br>
+            Room Number: <input name="room_number"><br>
+            Faculty: <input name="faculty"><br>
+            <input type="submit" value="Add Student">
+        </form>
+    """)
+
+# View all students
+@app.route("/students", methods=["GET"])
+def get_students():
+    conn = get_db_connection()
+    cur = conn.cursor()
+    cur.execute("SELECT id, name, room_number, faculty FROM students")
+    rows = cur.fetchall()
+    cur.close()
+    conn.close()
+
+    return jsonify([
+        {"id": row[0], "name": row[1], "room_number": row[2], "faculty": row[3]} for row in rows
+    ])
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    init_db()
+    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)

z2/app/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Flask==2.0.1
+Werkzeug==2.0.3
+psycopg2-binary==2.9.1
+python-dotenv==0.19.0
+Jinja2==3.0.3

z2/k8s/deployment.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: flask-app
+  namespace: webapp-namespace
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: flask
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: flask
+    spec:
+      containers:
+      - name: flask
+        image: flask-app:latest
+        imagePullPolicy: Never
+        ports:
+        - containerPort: 8000
+        env:
+        - name: POSTGRES_HOST
+          value: postgres
+        - name: POSTGRES_DB
+          value: mydatabase
+        - name: POSTGRES_USER
+          value: myuser
+        - name: POSTGRES_PASSWORD
+          value: mypassword
+        - name: POSTGRES_PORT
+          value: "5432"

z2/k8s/migrate-job.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+apiVersion: batch/v1
+kind: Job
+metadata:
+  name: migrate
+spec:
+  template:
+    spec:
+      containers:
+      - name: migrator
+        image: myapp:latest
+        command: ["python", "manage.py", "migrate"]
+      restartPolicy: Never

z2/k8s/namespace.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Namespace
+metadata:
+  name: webapp-namespace

z2/k8s/postgres-deployment.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
+metadata:
+  name: postgres-pvc
+  namespace: webapp-namespace
+spec:
+  accessModes:
+    - ReadWriteOnce
+  resources:
+    requests:
+      storage: 1Gi
+---
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: postgres
+  namespace: webapp-namespace
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: postgres
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: postgres
+    spec:
+      containers:
+      - name: postgres
+        image: postgres:13
+        env:
+        - name: POSTGRES_DB
+          value: mydatabase
+        - name: POSTGRES_USER
+          value: myuser
+        - name: POSTGRES_PASSWORD
+          value: mypassword
+        ports:
+        - containerPort: 5432
+        volumeMounts:
+        - name: postgres-storage
+          mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql/data
+      volumes:
+      - name: postgres-storage
+        persistentVolumeClaim:
+          claimName: postgres-pvc
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: postgres
+  namespace: webapp-namespace
+spec:
+  selector:
+    app: postgres
+  ports:
+  - port: 5432

z2/k8s/service.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: flask-service
+  namespace: webapp-namespace
+spec:
+  selector:
+    app: flask
+  type: NodePort
+  ports:
+  - port: 8000
+    targetPort: 8000
+    nodePort: 30080  # <-- Changed this

z2/prepare-app.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+echo "Building Docker image for Flask app..."
+docker build -t flask-app:latest .
+
+echo "Creating Minikube image cache (if using Minikube)..."
+eval $(minikube docker-env)
+docker build -t flask-app:latest .
+
+echo "Preparation complete."

z2/start-app.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+echo "Creating Namespace..."
+kubectl apply -f k8s/namespace.yaml
+
+echo "Creating Persistent Volumes and StatefulSet..."
+kubectl apply -f k8s/statefulset.yaml -n webapp-namespace
+
+echo "Deploying PostgreSQL..."
+kubectl apply -f k8s/postgres-deployment.yaml -n webapp-namespace
+
+echo "Deploying Flask App..."
+kubectl apply -f k8s/deployment.yaml -n webapp-namespace
+
+echo "Creating Service..."
+kubectl apply -f k8s/service.yaml -n webapp-namespace
+
+echo "All resources have been applied."

z2/stop-app.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+echo "Deleting Flask App Deployment..."
+kubectl delete -f k8s/deployment.yaml -n webapp-namespace
+
+echo "Deleting Flask Service..."
+kubectl delete -f k8s/service.yaml -n webapp-namespace
+
+echo "Deleting PostgreSQL Deployment and PVC..."
+kubectl delete -f k8s/postgres-deployment.yaml -n webapp-namespace
+
+echo "Deleting StatefulSet and PVs..."
+kubectl delete -f k8s/statefulset.yaml -n webapp-namespace
+
+echo "Deleting Namespace..."
+kubectl delete -f k8s/namespace.yaml
+
+echo "All resources have been deleted."