1

a4/a3/.gitignore

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+game
+
+# Prerequisites
+*.d
+
+# Object files
+*.o
+*.ko
+*.obj
+*.elf
+
+# Linker output
+*.ilk
+*.map
+*.exp
+
+# Precompiled Headers
+*.gch
+*.pch
+
+# Libraries
+*.lib
+*.a
+*.la
+*.lo
+
+# Shared objects (inc. Windows DLLs)
+*.dll
+*.so
+*.so.*
+*.dylib
+
+# Executables
+*.exe
+*.out
+*.app
+*.i*86
+*.x86_64
+*.hex
+
+# Debug files
+*.dSYM/
+*.su
+*.idb
+*.pdb
+
+# Kernel Module Compile Results
+*.mod*
+*.cmd
+.tmp_versions/
+modules.order
+Module.symvers
+Mkfile.old
+dkms.conf

a4/a3/LICENSE

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+BSD 3-Clause License
+
+Copyright (c) 2019, Daniel Hládek
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+  list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+  contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+  this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

a4/a3/Makefile

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+CFLAGS=-std=c99 -Wall -g
+
+all: game
+
+%.o: %.c
+	gcc $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
+
+clean:
+	rm *.o
+	rm game
+
+game: main.o game.o world.o
+	gcc main.o game.o world.o -lcurses -lm -o game
+

a4/a3/README.md

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+# World Game Library
+
+Learn asycnronous C programming by a game.
+
+The library implements a game loop for a character-based ncurses game;
+
+The library finds out the event types:
+
+- start and end
+- mouse events
+- keyboard events
+- screen resize events
+
+It can print colors and arbitrary characters on the screen. 
+Running is interrupted when character is drawn out of the screen.
+
+## Installation and Running
+
+Make sure, that `ncurses` is installed.
+
+Clone this repository.
+
+Compile:
+
+```c
+make
+```
+	
+Run:
+
+```c
+./game
+```
+
+## Make your own game
+
+The game happens in a rectangular world of colorful characters. 
+Your goal as a programmer is to modify the world according to the pressed keys and the internal game state.
+The library implements the game loop and draws the world to screen.
+
+Your game in file `game.c` consists of two functions:
+
+- `void* init_game()` is called in the beginning. Here you can initialize the internal state of the game.
+The function should return  a pointer to an instance of the initial game state `game`.
+- `int game_event(struct event* event,void* game)`
+is called by the game loop in periodic interval or when a key was pressed. Non-zero return value or `Ctrl+C` key interrupts the game loop.
+
+The world variable represents state of two-dimensional grid of characters on the screen. The screen matrix looks like this:
+
+```
+   origin
+   [0,0]     width
+  +--------------------+
+h |                    |
+e |                    |
+i |                    |
+g |                    |
+h |                    |
+t |                    |
+  +--------------------+
+```
+
+The world  has the following parameters:
+
+- `int height`: y-dimension of the grid.
+- `int width`: x-dimension of the grid.
+- `int interval`: maximum time between steps in milliseconds.
+
+### The Event Function
+
+The `int game_event(struct event* event,void* game)`
+ function should:
+
+1. Read the game state (from the `void* game`) pointer.
+1. Examine the pressed key from event pointer. If the `key` variable is non-zero, a key was pressed. According to the pressed key, modify the game state `game`.
+1. Draw the game state. In the beginning of the step function the screen is empty.
+1. Returning non-zero value ends the game loop. 
+

a4/a3/game.c

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+#include <curses.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "world.h"
+#include "game.h"
+
+// Funkcia sa zavolá na začiatku hry
+void* init_game() {
+    // Vytvoríme stav hry
+    struct game* stav = calloc(1, sizeof(struct game));
+    
+    // Nastavíme počiatočné pozície
+    stav->myska_x = 5;
+    stav->myska_y = 5;
+    stav->macka_smer_x = 0;
+    stav->macka_smer_y = 0;
+    stav->macka_x = 15;
+    stav->macka_y = 15;
+    stav->skore = 0;
+    stav->koniec_hry = 0;
+    strcpy(stav->sprava, "Chyt myšku! Používaj šípky.");
+    
+    return stav;
+}
+
+// Hlavná herná slučka - volá sa stále dokola
+int game_event(struct event* event, void* game) {
+    struct game* stav = game;
+    
+    // Ak stlačil ESC, koniec hry
+    if (event->type == EVENT_ESC) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    
+    // Ak je koniec hry, nič nerob
+    if (stav->koniec_hry) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    
+    // Kontrola, či mačka chytila myšku
+    if (stav->macka_x == stav->myska_x && stav->macka_y == stav->myska_y) {
+        stav->skore++;
+        sprintf(stav->sprava, "Skóre: %d", stav->skore);
+        
+        // Nastav novú náhodnú pozíciu myšky
+        stav->myska_x = rand() % event->width;
+        stav->myska_y = rand() % event->height;
+    }
+    
+    // Pohyb mačky podľa klávesnice
+    if (event->type == EVENT_KEY) {
+        if (event->key == KEY_UP) {
+            stav->macka_smer_x = 0;
+            stav->macka_smer_y = -1;
+        }
+        else if (event->key == KEY_DOWN) {
+            stav->macka_smer_x = 0;
+            stav->macka_smer_y = 1;
+        }
+        else if (event->key == KEY_LEFT) {
+            stav->macka_smer_x = -1;
+            stav->macka_smer_y = 0;
+        }
+        else if (event->key == KEY_RIGHT) {
+            stav->macka_smer_x = 1;
+            stav->macka_smer_y = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    // Automatický pohyb mačky (každý časový interval)
+    if (event->type == EVENT_TIMEOUT) {
+        // Pohyb mačky
+        int nova_x = stav->macka_x + stav->macka_smer_x;
+        int nova_y = stav->macka_y + stav->macka_smer_y;
+        
+        // Kontrola, či je pohyb v rámci obrazovky
+        if (nova_x >= 0 && nova_x < event->width && nova_y >= 0 && nova_y < event->height) {
+            stav->macka_x = nova_x;
+            stav->macka_y = nova_y;
+        }
+        
+        // Náhodný pohyb myšky (1 ku 4 šanca, že sa pohne)
+        if (rand() % 4 == 0) {
+            int smer = rand() % 4;
+            switch (smer) {
+                case 0: if (stav->myska_y > 0) stav->myska_y--; break;
+                case 1: if (stav->myska_y < event->height-1) stav->myska_y++; break;
+                case 2: if (stav->myska_x > 0) stav->myska_x--; break;
+                case 3: if (stav->myska_x < event->width-1) stav->myska_x++; break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    // Vykreslenie hry
+    clear_screen();
+    
+    // Vykreslenie mačky (žltá na červenom)
+    set_color_cell('M', stav->macka_x, stav->macka_y, COLOR_YELLOW, COLOR_RED);
+    
+    // Vykreslenie myšky (biela na modrom)
+    set_color_cell('m', stav->myska_x, stav->myska_y, COLOR_WHITE, COLOR_BLUE);
+    
+    // Vykreslenie správy
+    set_message(stav->sprava, 1, 0);
+    
+    return 0;
+}
+

a4/a3/game.h

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+#ifndef _GAME_H_INCLUDE_
+#define _GAME_H_INCLUDE_
+#include "world.h"
+
+// Set of variables that expresses state of the game.
+// 
+struct game {
+    // X speed of the cat
+    int catx;
+    // Y speed  of the cat
+    int caty;
+    // X position of the cat
+    int catx_position;
+    // Y opsition of the cat
+    int caty_position;;
+    // X position of the mouse
+    int mousex;
+    // Y position of the mouse
+    int mousey;
+    // Funky message
+    char message[100];
+};
+
+// Returns pointer to  newly allocated state
+void* init_game();
+
+// Changes world according to the game state (pressed key, screen size or other event)
+int game_event(struct event* event,void* game);
+
+#endif

a4/a3/main.c

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include "game.h"
+#include "world.h"
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv){
+    start_world(init_game,game_event,free);
+    return 0;
+}

a4/a3/world.c

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+#include "world.h"
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+int TIMEOUT;
+
+void abort_game(const char* message){
+    endwin();
+    puts(message);
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+void check_bounds(const char* source,int x, int y){
+    char msg[200];
+    if (x < 0 || x >= COLS){
+        sprintf(msg,"%s:: width %d is out of bounds (0,%d)",source,x,COLS);
+        abort_game(msg);
+    }
+    if (y < 0 || y >= LINES){
+        sprintf(msg,"%s:: height %d is out of bounds (0,%d)",source,y,LINES);
+        abort_game(msg);
+    }
+}
+
+void clear_screen(){
+    // Clear screen
+    mvaddch(0,0,' ');
+    int screenchars = LINES*COLS;
+    for (int j = 1; j < screenchars;j++ ){
+        addch(' ');
+    }
+}
+
+void game_speed(int value){
+    if (value < 0){
+        abort_game("world_seed:: cannot be negative\n");
+    }
+    TIMEOUT =value;
+}
+
+void set_message(const char* message,int x,int y) {
+    int l = strlen(message);
+    for (int i = 0; i < l; i++){
+        check_bounds("set_message",x+i,y);
+        set_cell(message[i],x+i,y);
+    }
+}
+
+void assert_message(int event,const char* message){
+    if (event == 0){
+        abort_game(message);
+    }
+}
+
+
+void set_cell(int character,int x,int y) {
+    check_bounds("set_cell",x,y);
+    set_color_cell(character,x,y,COLOR_WHITE,COLOR_BLACK);
+}
+
+void set_color_cell(int character,int x,int y,short front_color,short back_color){
+    check_bounds("set_color_cell",x,y);
+    if (has_colors()){
+        int pair = COLOR_COUNT * front_color + back_color; 
+        attron(COLOR_PAIR(pair));
+        mvaddch(y,x,character);
+        attroff(COLOR_PAIR(pair));
+    }
+    else{
+        mvaddch(y,x,character);
+    }
+}
+
+int start_world(void* (*init_game)(),int (*world_event)(struct event* event,void* game),void (*destroy_game)(void*)){
+    srand(time(NULL));
+    int r = 1;
+    // Speed global variable
+    TIMEOUT = 100;
+    if (initscr() == NULL){
+        // TODO Which Error?
+        puts("Curses Error.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    noecho(); // Nevypisuj vstup na obrazovku
+    cbreak(); // Zabudni starý vstup
+    nodelay(stdscr,TRUE); // Nečakaj na stlačenie
+    keypad(stdscr,TRUE); // Aktivuje šípky
+    curs_set(FALSE); // Neviditeľný kurzor
+    /* Get all the mouse events */
+    mousemask(ALL_MOUSE_EVENTS, NULL);
+    MEVENT mouse_event;
+    if (has_colors()){ // Zistenie či terminál podporuje farby
+        start_color();
+        for (int i = 0; i < COLOR_COUNT;i++){
+            for (int j = 0; j < COLOR_COUNT;j++){
+                init_pair(i * COLOR_COUNT + j, i,j);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        puts("No colors!\n");
+    }
+    void* game = NULL;
+    if (init_game != NULL){
+         game = init_game();
+         assert_message(game != NULL,"init_game:: should return non null pointer");
+    }
+    timeout(TIMEOUT);
+    // Initial step
+    struct event event;
+    memset(&event,0,sizeof(struct event));
+    event.height = LINES;
+    event.width = COLS;
+    event.type = EVENT_START;
+    clock_t start_time = clock();
+    clock_t last_timeout = start_time;
+    clock_t next_timeout = last_timeout + TIMEOUT;
+    event.time_ms = start_time;
+    // Start event
+    r = world_event(&event,game);
+    refresh();
+    while (!r) {
+        memset(&event,0,sizeof(struct event));
+        event.height = LINES;
+        event.width = COLS;
+        event.key = getch();
+        // No key was pressed
+        if (event.key == ERR){
+            event.type = EVENT_TIMEOUT;
+            last_timeout = clock();
+            next_timeout = last_timeout + TIMEOUT;
+        }
+        // Mouse event
+        else if (event.key == KEY_MOUSE ){
+            event.type = EVENT_MOUSE;
+            if(getmouse(&mouse_event) == OK){
+                event.mouse_x = mouse_event.x;
+                event.mouse_y = mouse_event.y;
+                if(mouse_event.bstate & BUTTON1_PRESSED){
+                    event.mouse_left = 1;
+                }
+                if(mouse_event.bstate & BUTTON2_PRESSED){
+                    event.mouse_middle = 1;
+                }
+                if(mouse_event.bstate & BUTTON3_PRESSED){
+                    event.mouse_right = 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else if (event.key == KEY_RESIZE) {
+            event.type = EVENT_RESIZE;
+        }
+        else{
+            event.type = EVENT_KEY;
+            if (event.key == 27){
+                int k = getch();
+                if (k == -1){
+                    // Esc Was pressed
+                    event.type = EVENT_ESC;
+                }
+                else {
+                    // Alt was pressed
+                    event.key = k;
+                    event.alt_key = 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // Draw new world
+        event.time_ms = clock();
+        r = world_event(&event,game);
+        refresh();
+        event.time_ms = clock();
+        // set new timeout
+        int nt = next_timeout - event.time_ms;
+        //printf("%d\n",nt);
+        if (nt > 0){
+            timeout(nt);
+        }
+        else {
+            timeout(TIMEOUT);
+            next_timeout = event.time_ms + TIMEOUT;
+        }
+    }
+    memset(&event,0,sizeof(struct event));
+    event.height = LINES;
+    event.width = COLS;
+    event.type = EVENT_END;
+    event.time_ms = clock();
+    world_event(&event,game);
+    if (destroy_game != NULL){
+        destroy_game(game);
+    }
+    endwin();
+    return r;
+};

a4/a3/world.h

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#ifndef _WORLD_H_
+#define _WORLD_H_
+
+#include <curses.h>
+
+/**
+ * World represented as a rectangular matrix of colorful characters.
+ * 
+ * Point [0,0] is displayed the upper left corner of the screen.
+ * 
+ */
+
+enum event_type {
+    EVENT_START,
+    EVENT_TIMEOUT,
+    EVENT_KEY,
+    EVENT_MOUSE,
+    EVENT_RESIZE,
+    EVENT_ESC,
+    EVENT_END,
+};
+
+struct event {
+    /**
+     * Last width of the screen.
+     */
+    int width;
+    /**
+     * Last height of the screen.
+     */
+    int height;
+    /**
+     * Last pressed key or Curses event.
+     *
+     * Special event  values:
+     * ERR if timeout,
+     * KEY_RESIZE if screen resize
+     * KEY_EVENT, other event,
+     * KEY_MOUSE, mouse clicked
+     *
+     * Key values:
+     *
+     * ' ' Space
+     * KEY_DOWN Arrow down
+     * KEY_UP Arrow up
+     * KEY_LEFT Arrow left
+     * KEY_RIGHT Arrow right
+     * KEY_A1 Upper left of keypad
+     * KEY_A3 Upper right of keypad
+     * KEY_B2 Center of keypad
+     * KEY_C1 Lower left of keypad
+     * KEY_C3 Lower right of keypad
+     *
+     * KEY_ENTER
+     * KEY_BACKSPACE
+     */
+    int key;
+    int alt_key;
+    enum event_type type;
+    int mouse_x;
+    int mouse_y;
+    int mouse_left;
+    int mouse_right;
+    int mouse_middle;
+    long int time_ms;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets cell to a state.
+ * @param event 
+ * @param x coordinate of cell
+ * @param y coordinate of cell
+ * @param new state of the cell
+ */
+void set_cell(int character,int x,int y);
+
+/**
+ * COLOR_BLACK   0
+ * COLOR_RED     1
+ * COLOR_GREEN   2
+ * COLOR_YELLOW  3
+ * COLOR_BLUE    4
+ * COLOR_MAGENTA 5
+ * COLOR_CYAN    6
+ * COLOR_WHITE   7
+ */
+
+#define COLOR_COUNT 8
+
+void set_color_cell(int character,int x,int y,short front_color,short back_color);
+
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @param event
+ * @param number of commandline arguments
+ * @param init_world
+ * @param destroy_world
+ *
+ * void init_world(struct event* w);
+ * Initializes user state.
+ * Free user state.
+ * @param event
+ */
+
+int start_world(void* (*init_game)(),int (*world_event)(struct event* event,void* game),void (*destroy_game)(void* game));
+
+void game_speed(int value);
+
+void set_message(const char* message,int x,int y);
+void clear_screen();
+
+#endif